INDIAN FIVE YEAR
PLANS – AN OUTLINE www.ratheeeshthapasya@gmail.com,
Plan
|
Plan
Period
|
Growth
Rate
|
Other Remarks
|
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Target
|
Actual
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I
|
1951 - 56
|
2.1
|
3.6
|
·
It was based on Harrod-Domar Model.
·
Community Development Program (1952)
·
Focus on agriculture, price stability, power
and transport
·
It was a successful plan primarily because of
good harvests in the last two years of the plan
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II
|
1956 - 61
|
4.5
|
4.3
|
·
Also called Mahalanobis Plan named after the well known economist
·
Focus - rapid industrialization
·
Shifted basic emphasis from agriculture to
industry far too soon.
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III
|
1961 - 66
|
5.6
|
2.8
|
·
to make India a 'self-reliant' and
'self-generating' economy.
·
Based on the experience of first two plans,
agriculture was given top priority to support the exports and industry.
·
Complete failure in reaching the targets -
Chinese aggression (1962), Indo-Pak war (1965), severe drought 1965-66
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Three
Annual Plans (1966-69) Plan holiday for 3years. -Prevailing crisis in agriculture and
serious food shortage necessitated the emphasis on agriculture during the
Annua Plans During these plans a whole new agricultural strategy was
implemented
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IV
|
1969 - 74
|
5.7
|
3.3
|
·
Main
emphasis was on growth rate of agriculture to enable other sectors to move
forward
·
Based
on Gadgil Strategy.
·
Influx
of Bangladeshi refugees before and after 1971 Indo-Pak war was an important
issue
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V
|
1974-79
|
4.4
|
4.8
|
·
Focused
on Poverty Alleviation and self reliance
·
Implemented
Prime Minister’s Twenty Point Programme
·
Declaration
of National Emergency 1975
·
The
plan was terminated in 1978 (instead of 1979) when Janta Party Govt. rose to
power.
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(1978 - 80) Rolling Plan. Janta Govt. put forward a
plan for 1978-1983. However, the Govt lasted for only 2 years. Congress Govt.
returned to power in 1980 and launched a different plan.
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VI
|
1980 - 85
|
5.2
|
5.7
|
·
Launched with the slogan Garibi Hatao
(Alleviate Poverty)
·
NREP, DWCRA,RLEGP
|
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VII
|
1985 - 90
|
5.2
|
5.4
|
·
Focus - rapid growth in food-grains
production, increased employment opportunities and productivity
·
Basic tenant – growth, modernization,
self reliance and self justice
·
Hindu Growth Rate
·
The plan was very successful, the economy
recorded 6% growth rate against the targeted 5%.
|
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The eighth
plan was postponed by two years because of political uncertainty at the
Centre - Fiscal Deficit
|
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VII
|
1992 - 97
|
5.6
|
6.8
|
·
Worsening BOP position and inflation
during 1990-91 were the key issues during the launch of the plan.
·
Main objective – human development in
various aspects
·
Some
of the main economic outcomes during eighth plan period were rapid economic
growth, high growth of agriculture and allied sector, and manufacturing
sector, growth in exports and imports, improvement in trade and current
account deficit.
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IX
|
1997- 2002
|
5.6
|
6.8
|
·
It was developed in the context of four
important dimensions: Quality of life, generation of productive employment, regional
balance and self-reliance.
·
Focused on growth with social justice and
equity
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X
|
2002 - 2007
|
6.5
|
5.4
|
·
Reduction of poverty ratio by 5
percentage points by 2007.
·
Providing gainful high quality employment
to the addition to the labour force over the tenth plan period.
·
Universal access to primary education by
2007.
·
Reduction in gender gaps in literacy and
wage rates by atleast 50% by 2007.
·
Reduction in decadal rate of population
growth between 2001 and 2011 to 16.2%.
·
Increase in literacy rate to 72% within
the plan period and to 80% by 2012.
·
Reduction of Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)
to 45 per 1000 live births by 2007 and to 28 by 2012.
·
Cleaning of all major polluted rivers by
2007 and other notified stretches by 2012.
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XI
|
2007 - 2012
|
8
|
7.6
|
·
Accelerate GDP growth from 8%
to 10%. Increase agricultural GDP growth rate to 4% per year.
·
Create 70 million new work opportunities
and reduce educated unemployment to below 5%.
·
Raise real wage rate of unskilled workers
by 20 percent.
·
Reduce dropout rates of children from
elementary school from 52.2% in 2003-04 to 20% by 2011-12.
Increase literacy rate for persons of age 7 years or above to 85%.
·
Lower gender gap in literacy to 10
percentage point. Increase the percentage of each cohort going to higher education
from the present 10% to 15%.
·
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XII
|
2012
-17
|
8
|
·
Faster,
more inclusive and sustainable growth
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